#sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
Sticky Notes
These are series of notes that I make while learning various cool new stuff.
Thursday, 20 April 2017
Saturday, 4 March 2017
Links I want to maintain
Nice Motivational Video
link to article on how to print string using assembly :
https://baptiste-wicht.com/posts/2011/11/print-strings-integers-intel-assembly.html
link to article on how to print string using assembly :
https://baptiste-wicht.com/posts/2011/11/print-strings-integers-intel-assembly.html
Friday, 17 February 2017
Creating loop device on fedora
We can create a loop device in Linux which we can use as a virtual device for experiment. Following steps will show how to create loop device and use it for creation of file system.
- Add new device
# losetup -f
/dev/loop0
- Create a file which will serve as virtual device.
# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/bhushan bs=1M count=128
128+0 records in128+0 records out
134217728 bytes (134 MB, 128 MiB) copied, 12.9207 s, 10.4 MB/s
- Setup up the mapping between loop device and new file
# losetup /dev/loop0 /bhushan
- Use new virtual device for file system creation
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/loop0
mke2fs 1.43.3 (04-Sep-2016)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 131072 1k blocks and 32768 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 7be2cbaf-a2a5-4319-a7e9-51b749c69184
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
# mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/loop0 120M 1.6M 110M 2% /mnt1
# umount /mnt1
- Detach a file from loop device
# losetup -d /dev/loop0
Tuesday, 31 January 2017
.config changes for KGDB
Change following parameter for custom kernel development during KGDB setup :
CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM = n
CONFIG_KGDB_KDB = y
CONFIG_KGDB_KDB = y
CONFIG_KDB_DEFAULT_ENABLE=0x1
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA=n => kernel hacking => write protect kernel read only data strucuture
Reference :
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jwessel/kdb/quickKDBkeyboard.html
http://landley.net/kdocs/Documentation/DocBook/xhtml-nochunks/kgdb.html#CompilingAKernel
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jwessel/kdb/
CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM = n
CONFIG_KGDB_KDB = y
CONFIG_KGDB_KDB = y
CONFIG_KDB_DEFAULT_ENABLE=0x1
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA=n => kernel hacking => write protect kernel read only data strucuture
Reference :
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jwessel/kdb/quickKDBkeyboard.html
http://landley.net/kdocs/Documentation/DocBook/xhtml-nochunks/kgdb.html#CompilingAKernel
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jwessel/kdb/
Convert Fedora 25 login from command line to GUI
#dnf install @gnome-desktop
#dnf distro-sync
#dnf groupinstall gnome
#dnf groupinstall x-base
#systemctl start gdm
#systemctl set-default graphical.target
Saturday, 31 December 2016
Assignment on 32 bit
and 64 bit components in Processor to Application stack
Due to back word compatibility with 32 bit component like OS ,
application is allowed to run on 64 bit component, but vice versa is not
allowed.
Inner component can be 32 or 64 bit if outer is 32
But inner component must be 64 if outer is 64 bit
Any level of miss match will result in problem.
Not applicable for
device driver. Cannot run 32 bit driver on 64 bit machine (as per backward
compatibility rule).
How to check whether
binary is 32bit or 64 bit?
# file
<filename>
[root@localhost driver]# file a.out
a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1
(SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32,
BuildID[sha1]=740131a4dacce9424b1db8fc53406040406d41bd, not stripped
How to check Whether OS is 32
or 64 bit?
#uname –a or uname -m
[root@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.15.10-201.fc20.i686 #1 SMP Wed
Aug 27 21:33:30 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i386
GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]$ uname -m
i686
Its 32 bit. If
you have a 64-bit OS, instead of i686, you have
x86_64
or ia64
in the output of uname –a.
Check machine is 32
or 64 bit:
Use grep flags
/proc/cpuinfo or lscpu
[root@localhost ~]$ grep flags /proc/cpuinfo
flags :
fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx
fxsr sse sse2 rdtscp constant_tsc pni monitor ssse3
If this content lm flag then it is 64 bit.
[root@localhost ~]$
lscpu
Architecture:
i686
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit
Friday, 30 December 2016
Machine Learning - Basics and classification
- Machine Learning is giving ability to machines to learn/program on it own.
- Machine learning is not restricted to Artificial Intelligence. It is having many applications in various filed, Recommendations System raging from data mining, rating system to automation of house hold activities.
- Machine is said to be 'learning', if its performance improves with experience.
Classification of Machine Learning (ML):
- Supervised ML.
- Unsupervised ML.
1. Supervised ML
- Known Sample data sets are given. (Test Passed / Failed )
- Regression : Continuous value .
- Classification : Discrete value
2. Unsupervised ML
- Data set don't have any label (like Passed /Failed)
- Just data set is given and algorithm will divide it in cluster.
- As we are not specifying what data belong to what segment/ cluster its unsupervised learning.
- We have to derive structure from unknown data.
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